Network interface layer d communication between a computer and network hardware d also called data link or mac layer. In internetworking, routers have knowledge of each others address and addresses beyond them. They can be statically configured go on different network or they can learn by using internetworking routing protocol. Note that network layer addresses can also be referred to as logical addresses. It is important to note that a single end system may have multiple network interfaces. The network layer accomplishes this via a process known as fragmentation. Large networks can be organised hierarchically into the regions, further the regions into clusters, clusters into zones, the zones into groups, so on. Provides data transfer between endsystems q internet.
Chapter 9 covers layer 3 addressing generically and gives a detailed comparison of ip, ipv6, clnp, decnet, appletalk, and ipx. Learn basic internetworking concepts such as collision domain and broadcast domain in detail with examples. Internetworking is the concept of interconnecting different types of computer networks. Lecture notes computer networks electrical engineering. With ip we can interconnect ieee 802 networks easily.
Internetworking question answers mcq it officer exam for. Introduction to internetworking 17 characteristics of the osi layers layer 7application layer layer 6presentation layer layer 5session layer layer 4transport layer layer 3network layer layer 2data link layer layer 1physical layer figure 12 illustrates the sevenlayer osi reference model. All reassembly of fragmented packets happens at the network layer of the final destination system. This graphic shows a basic local area network, or lan, thats connected using a hub, which is just an. A host with a packet to send transmits it to the nearest router, either on its own lan or over a pointtopoint link to the carrier. Learn about the different types of addresses used in an internetwork.
Presentation application session transport network data link physical layer 7 layer 6 layer 5 layer 4 layer 3 layer 2 layer. This address is technically called the media access control address mac because it is found on the mac sub layer of the data link layer. Merely exploitation of either a switch or a hub to attach 2 local area networks is an extension of lan whereas connecting them via the router is associate degree example of internetworking. Network devices repeater, hub, bridge, switch, router and gateway in hindi with english subtitles duration. The art and science of connecting individual localarea networks lans to create widearea networks wans, and connecting wans to form even larger wans. Jun 16 notes 2025 views 2 comments on internetworking and network layer internetworking the physical layer and the data link layer of the particular network locally. Logical addressing, internetworking, tunneling, address mapping, icmp, igmp, forwarding, unicast routing protocols, multicast routing protocols.
Chapter 8 discusses the issues in a generic connectionless network layer. This tutorial explains internetworking in computer network with five key internetworking devices hub, bridge, switch, router and multilayer. Internetworking refers to the industry, products, and procedures that meet the challenge of creating and administering. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Ip is a powerful and widely used internetworking protocol. In this chapter we discussed the atm technology and how it can be used to build local area networks and wide area networks with a good control on the quality of service it provides to applications. There a minute difference between extending the network and internetworking.
Lets get started by taking a look at a basic network. Fundamentals of computer networking and internetworking. Network layer introduction, functions and protocols. Chapter 1 introduction to networking and the osi model. Physical networks can be connected at several levels.
Ip addresses are 32 bit long, hierarchical addressing scheme. Ip address to mean logical address in the network layer of the tcpip protocol suite. Network layer protocol an overview sciencedirect topics. Data packets data packets are used to transport the user data across the network. Network layer and internetworking free download as powerpoint presentation. These comparisons are based on the original sevenlayer protocol model as defined in iso 7498, rather than refinements in the internal organization of the network layer. Notice that the bottom layer is identified as the first layer. The application layer is the osi layer closest to the end user, which means that both the osi application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. Freely browse and use ocw materials at your own pace. Internetworking is implemented in layer 3 network layer of this model the most notable example of internetworking is the internet capitalized. Chapter 11 internetworking technologies handbook 15870500 1 chapter goals learn what makes up an internetwork.
Internetworking deals with the issues of interconnecting multiple networks. Network layer and internetworking computer network. The fragmentation is a process of breaking the packets into the smallest individual data units that travel through different networks. Internet router architecture 8 router 3layer physical, datalink, network device, with 3 key functions. Internetworking is a combination of the words inter between and networking. Even when feasible to use one network, an organization can obtain exclusive control over a single local network. You create an internetwork when you connect two or more networks via a router and configure a logical networking addressing scheme with a routed protocol, such as ip or ipv6. The network interface card address, called the hardware address, is protocolindependent and is usually assigned at the factory. Sun routing algorithm routeing algorithm is part of the network layer software for datagrams, decision is made for each packet for virtual circuit, decision is made when setting up desirable properties. This layer contains hardware devices such as routers, bridges, firewalls and switches, but it actually creates a logical image of the most efficient communication route and implements it with a physical medium. Internetworking can be extremely complex because it generally involves connecting networks that use different protocols. Internetworking is the process or technique of connecting different networks by using intermediary devices such as routers or gateway devices. Network layer addresses 16 internetworking devices 16 gateways and hosts 17 routers 18 bridges 18 repeaters 18 2 the internet protocols introduction 21 the internet protocol suite 21 internet protocol ip 21 transmission control protocol tcp 22 netcpts. Internetworking troubleshooting handbook, second edition 1587050056 chapter 7 troubleshooting tcpip tcpip introduction addressing as with all network layer protocols, the addressing scheme is integral to the process of routing ip datagrams through an internetwork.
Ipv4 and ipv6 ipv4 addresses 32 bit address unique and universal address space total number of. At the network layer, the data is in the form of packets or also called as datagram. Repeaters operate at the physical layer, copying signals from one lan to another. An ip address is 32 bits in length, divided into either two or three parts. Internetworking is enforced in layer three network layer of osiiso model. Computer networks pdf notes free download cn notes. The routeing tables grow proportionally with the network size.
Internetworking is accomplished with routers, bridges, and gateways. For example, a typical laptop today has one network interface that uses wired ethernet, one network interface that uses wireless. Discuss the services provided to the transport layer by the network layer. In general, we use a cloud to denote any type of network, whether it is a single pointtopoint link, a multipleaccess link, or a switched network. Learn the differences between connectionoriented and connectionless services. To solve the internetworking problem, one also needs to consider the mode of operation of the co network. The network layer is considered the backbone of the osi model. Network interface layer d communication between a computer and network hardware d also called data link or mac layer d mechanisms for gaining access to shared media d. Information formats 114 internetworking technology overview. Preface the goal of this book is to provide a basic understanding of the technical design and architecture of the internet. The link layer corresponds to the osi data link layer and may include similar functions as the physical layer, as well as some protocols of the osis network layer. These two layers are used for the delivery of the data on the network from one node to the other node.
This is the main role of the network layer that it provides the logical connection between different types of networks. Sw standards that allow reliable communications without reliable networks hierarchy of layers, giving each layer responsibility for portion of overall communications task, called protocol. Internetworking ensures data communication among networks owned and operated by different entities using a common data communication and the internet routing protocol. Application processes in the host router ftp telnet smtp host a ftp telnet smtp host b subnet 2 subnet 1 12 the ohio state university raj jain internet protocol ip. It selects and manages the best logical path for data transfer between nodes. Chapter 7 covers connectionoriented networks, including atm and x. A routers network layer is usually responsible for doing the fragmentation. Internetworking connectionless and connectionoriented. Networks can be considered different based on various parameters such as, protocol, topology, layer2 network and addressing scheme. Layer 3 the network layer layer 3, the network layer of the osi model, provides an endtoend logical addressing system so that a packet of data can be routed across several layer 2 networks ethernet,token ring, frame relay, etc. Two types of packets are used at the network layer. There are three variants of internetwork or internetworking, depending on who administers and who participates in them.